Table of Contents

This chapter is applicable to:

• All Ames Research Center employees
• All work conducted under the authority of Ames, and
• All equipment and property managed by Ames.

For Ames contractors, it is applicable through contract clauses in conformance with NASA Procurement Regulation (Part 1, Subpart 52 and Part 14, Subpart 6.) All other personnel will follow the provisions of this chapter while at Ames facilities.

This program provides Ames Research Center policies and procedures for handling the OSHA regulated carcinogens listed in Table 1.

Table 1

Chemical Name	CAS Number	OSHA Regulation	Other Requirements
2-Acetylaminoflourene	53-96-3	1910.1003-13 Carcinogens	1910.1014
Acrylonitrile	107-13-1	1910.1045
4-Aminodiphenyl	92-67-1	1910.1003-13 Carcinogens	1910.1011
Inorganic Arsenic and compounds	7440-38-2	1910.1018
Asbestos	1332-21-4	1910.1001	AGP 1700.1 Chapter 30
Benzene	71-43-2	1910.1028
Benzidine	92-87-5	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910.1010
1,3-Butadiene	106-99-0	1910.1051
Cadmium and compounds	7440-43-9	1910.1027
bis-Chloromethyl ether	542-88-1	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910.1008
Chloromethyl methyl ether	107-30-2	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910.1006
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane	96-12-8	1910.1044
3',3'-Dichlorobenzidine	91-94-1	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910.1007
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene	60-11-7	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910.1015
Ethyleneimine	151-56-4	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910.1012
Ethylene oxide	75-21-8	1910.1047
Formaldehyde (and formalin)	50-00-0	1910.1048
Methylene chloride	75-09-2	1910.1052
4,4'-Methylenedianiline	101-77-9	1910.1050
a-Naphthylamine	134-32-7	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910.1004
b-Naphthylamine	91-59-8	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910.1009
4-Nitrobiphenyl	92-93-3	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens
N-Nitrosodimethylamine	65-75-9	1910.1003 - 13 Carcinogens	1910-1016
b-Propiolactone	57-57-8	1910.1003-13 Carcinogens	1910.1013
Vinyl chloride	75-01-4	1910.1017

Additional sources of information.
Asbestos: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/index.html
Benzene: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/benzene/index.html
1,3-Butadiene: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/butadiene/index.html
Cadmium: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/cadmium/index.html
Carcinogens: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/carcinogens/index.html
Ethylene Oxide: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ethyleneoxide/index.html
Formaldehyde: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/formaldehyde/index.html
Methylene Chloride: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/methylenechloride/index.html
General information on occupational cancer:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/occancer.html

NPR 1800.3	NASA Environmental Health
NHB 2710.1	NASA Occupational Safety and Health Handbook
29 CFR 1960	Basic Program Elements for Occupational Safety and Health Programs
Executive Order 12196	Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal Employees
OSHA Publication 2014	Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal Agencies

There are two basic types of chemical-handling operations at Ames: laboratory and non-laboratory. Laboratory use means:

• Chemical manipulations are carried out on a laboratory scale (containers for reactions, transfers, and other handling can be easily and safely manipulated by one person);
• Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used; and
• Procedures involved are not part of a production process, nor do they in any way simulate a production process.

People who work in laboratories often use small quantities of many chemicals, including carcinogens. The OSHA Laboratory Standard applies to research laboratories, and exempts them from the OSHA substance-specific standards. The Ames Chemical Hygiene Plan (Chapter 13) addresses the OSHA Laboratory Standard. Controls that apply only to laboratories are addressed in the Ames Chemical Hygiene Plan.

All other chemical handling operations are defined as non-laboratory use. The OSHA substance-specific standards were designed for these operations. Controls that apply to both laboratories and non-laboratories or only to non-laboratories are addressed in this chapter.

38.5.1 Acronyms/Abbreviations

ACGIH	American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
ARC	Ames Research Center
CAS	Chemical Abstract Number
CFR	Code of Federal Regulations
CHP	Chemical Hygiene Plan
HAZCOM	Hazard Communication
IARC	International Agency for Research on Cancer
MSDS	Material Safety Data Sheet
NFPA	National Fire Protection Association
NTP	National Toxicology Program
OEL	Occupational Exposure Limit
OSHA	Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PEL	Permissible Exposure Limit
PPE	Personal Protective Equipment
SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
TLV®	Threshold Limit Value
TWA	Time-Weighted Average

Action level--an exposure level, calculated as an eight-hour time-weighted average, which initiates certain required activities, such as exposure monitoring, medical surveillance, training and record keeping.

Chemical Inventory--a written or electronic record of chemicals used in a laboratory, by container, which includes the chemical name of all ingredients, CAS number(s), manufacturer, size of container, owner, and location. See Chapter 24, Chemical Hazard Communication (Ames HAZCOM), for specific information on the Ames inventory procedures.

Hazardous Chemical--Any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment if released into the workplace or the environment. If a hazardous chemical comprises 1% (0.1% for carcinogens) or greater of a compound or mixture, the compound or mixture must be treated as a hazardous chemical.

Laboratory--A facility in which research or analytical chemical procedures are performed, where hazardous materials are stored and used in quantities that may easily be handled by one person (container sizes do not exceed five gallons); a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non-production basis.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)--Written, printed or electronically transmitted information on the hazards and properties of a particular material, including instructions for its safe use. See the Code Q website for several links (Code Q)

OSHA-regulated Carcinogen--Those compounds, listed in Table 1, that have been identified by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration as carcinogens. Mixtures containing 0.1% or 1000 parts per million of an OSHA-regulated carcinogen are covered by this chapter.

Note: Under the Ames CHP, OSHA-regulated carcinogens are included in the definition of "select carcinogens." The "select carcinogen" list is more comprehensive and includes more chemicals. See the Ames Chemical Hygiene Plan, Chapter 13 for more information.

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)--Limit established by OSHA, usually expressed as an 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA), meaning an airborne contaminant concentration that shall not be exceeded for any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour workweek. Exposure limits for many hazardous materials are listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000. (OHSA PELs)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)--Devices and clothing designed to be worn or used for the protection or safety of an individual while in potentially hazardous areas or performing potentially hazardous operations. Includes chemical and thermal resistant gloves, safety glasses, goggles and face shields, aprons, respirators, earplugs and muffs, etc.

Regulated Area--Limited access work area for substance regulated by a specific OSHA standard.

Short-term exposure limit--a limit usually defined as a 15-minute time-weighted average.

Threshold Limit Value (TLV-TWA)--the exposure limit (established by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists), expressed as a time-weighted average airborne "concentration for a normal 8-hr workday and a 40-hr work week, to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect."

Toxic--The ability of a material to injure biological tissue. Training - A documented, organized presentation of information fulfilling educational objectives and regulatory requirements.

38.6.1 Safety Division

Responsibilities include:

1. Oversee development and implementation of the Ames Carcinogen Program and applicable procedures.
2. Review the Ames chemical inventory annually to identify the locations and operations where OSHA-regulated carcinogens are used.
3. Provide advice, oversight, and consultation, when requested, to Ames line management to ensure compliance with relevant regulations and policies for procurement, use, and disposal of carcinogens.
4. Review proposed use, as requested by a supervisor or chemical user, of carcinogenic chemicals and the proposed precautions used to protect employees, including specific designated work areas and PPE.
5. Provide direction and oversight of Ames chemical monitoring programs, ensuring that exposure assessments are conducted as needed and that exposure monitoring records are maintained.
6. Notify employees of the results of exposure monitoring, and provide copies of such records to the Ames Health Unit for retention in the individual's medical record.
7. Provide for periodic review and update, as needed, of this program.
8. Provide an annual report to the Executive Safety Committee describing the extent of carcinogen use at ARC, the methods in place to ensure safe handling of carcinogens and a summary of the exposure monitoring performed.

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38.6.2 Line Management

Line management is responsible for operations within the organization, and for compliance with all relevant regulations, policies, and procedures. Supervisors hold the primary responsibility for safe operations. Prudent and thorough planning for experiments and contingencies are paramount. Specific measures and responsibilities that ensure a safe working environment include:

1. Implement the carcinogen program in areas under their control.

2. Identify and assess the hazards present.

3. Provide information and training on hazards.

4. Provide the means to control hazards.

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38.6.3 Ames Health Unit

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38.6.4 Environmental Services Division

1. Maintain software and databases to support a center-wide inventory of chemicals.
2. Annotate entries in the chemical inventory of all products that contain 0.1 percent or more of a OSHA-regulated carcinogen.

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38.6.5 Employees

Each employee is responsible for personal safety while conducting assigned tasks with hazardous materials. Employee responsibilities include:

1. Follow safe, established work practices.
2. Develop good personal chemical hygiene habits.
3. Report any concerns or observations of unsafe or unhealthy working conditions to the supervisor or to the Safety Division.
4. Attend initial and refresher safety classes and supervisor's task-specific training.
5. Report to the supervisor any ill effects experienced and seek medical consultation at the ARC Health Unit if health effects are experienced during working hours.

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38.6.6 Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR)

The COTR evaluates contractor performance and compliance with all contract requirements. The COTR communicates with Government management and the Safety Division, as appropriate regarding compliance issues.

This section describes the policies and procedures that implement the Ames OSHA-regulated carcinogen program.

38.7.1 Requirements

1. Identify whether the work area falls under the Laboratory Standard or not. Laboratories must follow the Ames Chemical Hygiene Plan (see Chapter 13). Non-laboratories must meet the chemical specific standard.

2. Identify carcinogens.

3. Analyze and document the hazards of the work.

• Laboratories: The principle investigator is responsible for analyzing operations involving carcinogens to determine the hazard(s) and necessary control measures. OSHA-regulated carcinogens are included in the category of "select carcinogen" under the Chemical Hygiene Plan. They must be handled as "Particularly Hazardous Substances" and meet the requirements listed in the Chemical Hygiene Plan (section 13.7 Chemical Hygiene Plan Implementation).

• Non-laboratories: Use the information on the MSDS, product label, or vendor's literature to determine whether a regulated carcinogen is present. Check Table 1. OSHA requires that these materials must be listed on the MSDS if their concentration exceeds 0.1%. Review the OSHA applicable standard. Hyperlinks are listed in the table. Code QH can be contacted for assistance.

4. Mitigate the hazards and document hazard control measures.

Handling requirements

• General Requirement for laboratories. A safety plan is required for carcinogen operations. Laboratory supervisors can use their laboratory safety plan to meet this requirement. Contact the Safety Division for assistance.
• General Requirements for non-laboratories. Each substance specific standard has slightly different requirements, however, the items listed below are required for all regulated carcinogens and must be discussed in the safety plan. The Job Hazard Analysis and PPE assessment should be included as part of the safety plan.

5. Medical Surveillance

• Enrolling an employee in the Medical surveillance program is based on:

• A worker who is participating in medical surveillance because of a regulatory requirement or because of known exposure to a carcinogen shall remain enrolled until the end of his/her employment, even if carcinogen use ceases.

Table 2 briefly outlines the basic requirements that are common to the OSHA-regulated carcinogens. Table 3 lists records that are required.

Table 2

Requirement
Written Safety Procedure
	Exposure assessment to determine applicability of regulation.
	Establish and post regulated area
	Regulated area controls implemented
	Access to regulated area limited to authorized employees
	Decontamination and maintenance procedures
	Emergency procedures
Regulated Area Criteria
	Inspection: annually
	Fume Hood Face Velocity verified
	Local exhaust ventilation with sufficient clean make-up air for proper operation
	Work surfaces protected with absorbent paper and/or other protective material
	Storage containers labeled as required by standard
	Waste containers labeled as required by standard
	Entrances to regulated area posted with any signs as required by regulation
	Current inventory maintained
Housekeeping
	Dry sweeping of dry chemicals is prohibited
Decontamination and Disposal
	Contaminated materials disposed of by QE
Administrative Controls
	No eating, drinking, smoking, application of cosmetics, chewing tobacco, taking oral medication, or storage of consumables.
	Wash hands, forearms, face and neck upon exit from regulated area
	No pipetting by mouth
Personal Protective Equipment
	Documented PPE assessment
	Lab coat or other full body garment, safety glasses, gloves required
	PPE collected in impervious containers at end of day for decontamination or disposal
	Respiratory protection: contact the Safety Division for evaluation
Training of personnel
	Training requirements specific to the OSHA regulated carcinogen, can be incorporates into either Hazard Communication or Chemical Hygiene program training, as long as specific standard requirements are documented in the training.
	Frequency: initial, then annually or when new carcinogen introduced or operation changes significantly.
Medical Surveillance
	Requirement varies by chemical; usually depends upon potential exposure. Contact the Safety Division for assistance

Table 3

Required Documentation
Individual or Organization	Shall Maintain
Immediate Supervisor	A current carcinogen inventory (may be in a computer database or on paper). Documentation that is relevant to qualified chemical workers' job-specific training. An approved, current safety plan (e.g. Job Hazard Assessment, Laboratory Safety Plan, PPE assessment, etc.) describing carcinogen use. Completed carcinogen use forms (Appendix A), one for each carcinogen in use. Carcinogen use sampling data results memoranda from QH, if sampling was performed.
Safety Division	This chapter and the carcinogen list. Copies of completed carcinogen use forms. Employee- and workplace-exposure-monitoring (sampling) records. Copies of carcinogen use sampling data results memoranda sent to immediate supervisor.
Ames Health Unit	Carcinogen medical surveillance records for civil servants.

38.7.2 Related Programs at ARC

Operations involving chemical carcinogens are subject to many programs, which provide for safety in areas related to use of hazardous materials. The procedures and policies listed below complement and coordinate with implementation of the OSHA-Regulated Carcinogen Program.

Asbestos Management	APR 1700.1, Chapter 30
Chemical Hazard Communication Plan	APR 1700.1, Chapter 24 (Ames HAZCOM)
Chemical Hygiene Plan	APR 1700.1, Chapter 13
Respiratory Protection	APR 1700.1, Chapter 28 (Respiratory protection)
Bloodborne Pathogens Protection	APR 1700.1, Chapter 32 (bloodborne pathogens)
Confined-Space Entry Program	APR 1700.1, Chapter 26 (Confined space)
Hazard Assessment and Personal, Protective Equipment	APR 1700.1, Chapter 33 (PPE)
Environmental Management	Ames Environmental Procedures and Guidelines, APR 8800.3 (Code Q)

Appendix A: Regulated Carcinogen Use Questionnaire

38.9.1 References

38.9.2 Appendix A: Regulated Carcinogen Use Questionnaire